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您的位置: 首頁 > 技術(shù)文章 > 防曬標(biāo)簽指南:輕松看懂SPF、PA,告別選擇困難!

防曬標(biāo)簽指南:輕松看懂SPF、PA,告別選擇困難!

更新時間:2025-11-28瀏覽:350次

Sunscreen Label Guide: Decoding SPF, PA & Beyond

即使在紫外線相對溫和的冬季,做好防曬依然是日常護(hù)膚重要的一步。面對產(chǎn)品上各種專業(yè)標(biāo)識,如何精準(zhǔn)解讀?本文將幫助您化繁為簡,快速掌握防曬標(biāo)簽的要點(diǎn)。

While UV radiation may be milder in winter, sun protection remains an essential step in daily skincare. With various technical terms on product labels, how can consumers make informed choices? This guide simplifies key sunscreen labeling information for everyday understanding.


「防曬傷關(guān)鍵:SPF值 / UVB Protection: Understanding SPF」

SPF(Sun Protection Factor)是通用的UVB防護(hù)指數(shù)。UVB是導(dǎo)致皮膚曬紅、曬傷的元兇。

SPF (Sun Protection Factor) is the universal metric for UVB protection - the primary cause of sunburn and skin reddening.

1. 定義

SPF值基于“最小紅斑量(MED)"——即導(dǎo)致皮膚剛剛開始出現(xiàn)肉眼可見發(fā)紅(也就是曬紅)所需的最小紫外線劑量。

根據(jù)ISO24444的人體測試法,SPF=涂防曬霜后的MED ÷ 未涂防曬霜的MED。

簡單理解,SPF值代表延長皮膚被曬傷所需時間的倍數(shù)。

1. Definition

SPF is calculated based on Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) - the minimum UV exposure required to cause just-visible skin reddening. According to ISO24444 human testing protocols:

SPF = MED with sunscreen ÷ MED without sunscreen

Essentially, SPF indicates how much longer protected skin can withstand UV exposure before burning compared to unprotected skin.

防曬標(biāo)簽指南:輕松看懂SPF、PA,告別選擇困難!


2. 防護(hù)效率

SPF值越高,對UVB的阻擋率越高,但并非線性增長。

SPF30 ≈ 可阻擋97%的UVB

SPF50 ≈ 可阻擋98%的UVB

值得注意的是,SPF值從30提升到50,阻擋率僅提高了1.3%,但產(chǎn)品質(zhì)地通常會變得更厚重。

2. Protection Efficiency

Higher SPF values block more UVB, but not proportionally:

• SPF30 ≈ 97% UVB blockage

• SPF50 ≈ 98% UVB blockage

Note: While SPF50 only provides 1.3% more protection than SPF30, the formulation typically becomes heavier.

防曬標(biāo)簽指南:輕松看懂SPF、PA,告別選擇困難!


3. 常見誤區(qū)糾正

• 錯誤觀念:SPF值能直接換算成固定的“安全保護(hù)時長"。

• 正確觀念:防曬效果會因使用量、環(huán)境因素等動態(tài)變化,所以SPF值代表的是對紫外線劑量的阻擋能力,而非一個固定的時間承諾。如果涂抹量不足,即使使用SPF50的產(chǎn)品,實際防護(hù)效果也會大打折扣,可能降至SPF10左右。

3. Common Misconceptions

• Myth: SPF directly converts to guaranteed "safe sun exposure time"

• Fact: SPF indicates UV dose blockage capacity, not fixed time protection. Real-world factors like application amount and environmental conditions significantly impact effectiveness. Insufficient application (less than 2mg/cm2) can reduce SPF50 performance to SPF10 levels.


「防曬黑/防曬老關(guān)鍵:UVA防護(hù) / UVA Protection: Preventing Tanning & Aging」

UVA是導(dǎo)致皮膚曬黑、老化和產(chǎn)生皺紋的主要因素。目前每個地區(qū)對UVA的防護(hù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)尚未統(tǒng)一,主要有以下三種體系:

UVA causes skin darkening, aging and wrinkles. Global UVA protection standards vary:

1. 中日韓標(biāo)準(zhǔn):PA指數(shù)

PA等級基于PFA值(防護(hù)UVA指數(shù)),看皮膚要多大的紫外線量才會開始被曬黑。用“+"號表示防護(hù)強(qiáng)度:

PA+:PFA 2-3,輕度防護(hù)效果

PA++:PFA 4-7,中度防護(hù)效果

PA+++:PFA 8-15,高度防護(hù)效果

PA++++:PFA≥16,超高度防護(hù)效果

“+"號越多,越不容易曬黑,防護(hù)UVA的能力越強(qiáng)。

1. Asian Standard: PA Rating

PA grades based on Protection Factor of UVA (PFA) - measuring UV dose required to induce tanning:

• PA+: PFA 2-3 (basic protection)

• PA++: PFA 4-7 (moderate protection)

• PA+++: PFA 8-15 (high protection)

• PA++++: PFA≥16 (very high protection)

More "+" symbols indicate stronger UVA protection. China's highest rating is PA++++.

防曬標(biāo)簽指南:輕松看懂SPF、PA,告別選擇困難!


2. 美國標(biāo)準(zhǔn):廣譜防曬(Broad Spectrum)

美國不采用PA值,而是采用“廣譜防曬"標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。產(chǎn)品必須同時滿足:

• SPF值≥15

•臨界波長(CW)≥370納米

達(dá)標(biāo)的產(chǎn)品可標(biāo)注“Broad Spectrum"。未達(dá)標(biāo)的產(chǎn)品則需在標(biāo)簽上注明警示語,提示該產(chǎn)品僅能防曬傷,不能預(yù)防皮膚癌或皮膚老化。

注:臨界波長(CW):由美國皮膚科醫(yī)學(xué)會提出。指防曬產(chǎn)品經(jīng)過測試后能阻斷90%紫外線的zui大波長,簡單來說,CW數(shù)值越高,能夠防護(hù)的波長范圍越廣,對紫外線的防護(hù)效果越好。

2. US Standard: Broad Spectrum

Requirements:

• SPF≥15

• Critical wavelength (CW)≥370nm

Products meeting both criteria can claim "Broad Spectrum." Others must warn they only prevent sunburn, not skin cancer or aging.

Critical wavelength (CW): The longest wavelength blocking 90% of UV. Higher CW values indicate broader UV protection spectrum.

防曬標(biāo)簽指南:輕松看懂SPF、PA,告別選擇困難!


3. 歐洲標(biāo)準(zhǔn):UVA圓圈與Boots星級

• UVA圓圈:如果產(chǎn)品包裝上有一個UVA字母外面畫著圓圈,代表其臨界波長≥370納米,且UVA防護(hù)力至少達(dá)到SPF值的三分之一。

• Boots星級:用星級(一至五星)來標(biāo)示UVA與UVB防護(hù)能力的均衡度。星級越高,當(dāng)兩者防護(hù)越均衡,越能同時防護(hù)UVA和UVB,能更全面抵抗紫外對皮膚的傷害。zui多為五星。

3. European Standard: UVA Circle & Boots Star Rating

• UVA Circle: Indicates CW≥370nm and UVA protection ≥1/3 of SPF value

• Boots Stars (1-5): Rates UVA/UVB protection balance. Higher stars mean more balanced protection against both UV types.

防曬標(biāo)簽指南:輕松看懂SPF、PA,告別選擇困難!


「防水防汗功能 / Water Resistance Claims」

1. 中國標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

• 抗水抗汗:產(chǎn)品通過40分鐘的測試,可標(biāo)注“防水防汗",需注明時間不超過40分鐘。

• you yue抗水:產(chǎn)品通過80分鐘的測試,可標(biāo)注“you yue抗水",需注明時間不超過80分鐘。

• 若浸泡后SPF值下降超過50%,則不得宣稱具有防水功能。

2. 美國標(biāo)注

一般標(biāo)注為“Water Resistant"。

1. China Standards

• Water Resistant: Maintains SPF after 40min water immersion

• Very Water Resistant: Maintains SPF after 80min

Products losing >50% SPF after testing cannot claim water resistance.

2. US Standards

Labeled as "Water Resistant "

防曬標(biāo)簽指南:輕松看懂SPF、PA,告別選擇困難!


「其他標(biāo)識 / Additional Label Terms」

• Safe-Eye Tech:產(chǎn)品通過驗證測試,可在眼周使用,不易熏眼。

• Wet Skin:可在濕皮膚上直接涂抹,非常適合海邊、泳池等場景。

• 12M:建議開封后12個月內(nèi)用完。防曬劑穩(wěn)定性會隨時間下降,隔年的防曬霜防護(hù)效果會大打折扣,不建議繼續(xù)使用。

• Safe-Eye Tech: Ophthalmologist-tested for eye area use

• Wet Skin Application: Can apply to damp skin

• 12M: Use within 12 months after opening for optimal efficacy

防曬標(biāo)簽指南:輕松看懂SPF、PA,告別選擇困難!


說到底,防曬可不是簡單買個指數(shù)好的產(chǎn)品就萬事大吉了。真正的秘訣在于“涂夠量、勤補(bǔ)涂",再搭配上帽子、墨鏡這些硬防曬裝備,才能做到有效的防曬。

記住這個挑選小竅門:

日常上班通勤:選擇質(zhì)地輕薄、不粘膩的,方便隨時補(bǔ)涂。

戶外運(yùn)動、海邊玩水:防水防汗功能是重中之重,一定要認(rèn)準(zhǔn)明確的抗水標(biāo)識。

Ultimately, sun protection isn’t as simple as buying the product with the highest SPF and calling it a day. The real secret lies in applying a sufficient amount and reapplying it frequently, combined with physical protection like hats and sunglasses, to ensure complete safety.

Keep this selection tip in mind:

For daily commutes: Choose lightweight, non-sticky formulas for easy reapplication.

For outdoor activities or beach trips: Water and sweat resistance is crucial—always look for clear waterproof labeling.





 

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